人教版高中英语必修6Unit4剖析二

本文摘要：@外语教师同盟教学配景本单元话题——康健生活（A healthy life）。本单元以Global warming 为主线，旨在通过单元教学使学生经由思考、学习，认识到全球变暖的起因和它所带来的种种结果。同时勉励学生进一步论述地球所面临的其它严重问题，引发学生的环保意识。引导学生运用所学语言、句式表达自己对这些现象的看法，造就他们为自己的看法辩说的能力，并能运用所学知识写一篇有关情况问题的论文。

@外语教师同盟教学配景本单元话题——康健生活（A healthy life）。本单元以Global warming 为主线，旨在通过单元教学使学生经由思考、学习，认识到全球变暖的起因和它所带来的种种结果。同时勉励学生进一步论述地球所面临的其它严重问题，引发学生的环保意识。引导学生运用所学语言、句式表达自己对这些现象的看法，造就他们为自己的看法辩说的能力，并能运用所学知识写一篇有关情况问题的论文。

疑难追踪1Make a list of the things that consume energy in your home, school, or any other places you can think of.P33难句解读枚举一些如家、学校等你能想到的消耗能源的地方。常用短语make a list of是“列清单”的意思。consume为及物动词，是“消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完”之意。

此外，consume还可作“烧毁；扑灭”讲。例如Make a list of 10 things which you like doing most?写一张清单，列出10件你最喜欢做的事情。I must make a list of things to buy.我得列个购物清单。

The car consumes a lot of fuel.这辆汽车很费汽油。The electricity industry consumes large amounts of fossil fuel.电力工业消耗大量的矿物燃料。She consumed most of her time in reading.她把大部门时间都花在念书上。

The fire quickly consumed the wooden hut.火焰很快地吞噬了那所小木屋。The small village was consumed with flood.谁人小乡村被洪水吞噬了。难点深究consume的名词形式为consumer，是“消费者；主顾”之意；consuming为形容词，是“令人着迷的；重要的；强烈的”的意思。

例如：consumer demand/rights消费者的需求/权利Consumers are encouraged to complain about faulty goods.要勉励消费者对劣质商品投诉。Building model trains is his consuming passion.制作模型火车是他废寝忘食的喜好。2An energy source is “renewable” when supplies of it never run out and “non renewable”when one day they will run out.P34难句解读我们称用之不竭的资源为“可更新能源”，称最终会枯竭的资源为“不行更新能源”。

run out是“用尽，没有了”之意，为不及物动词短语，无被动形式。例如Time is running out for the trapped miners.被困矿工的时间不多了。The petrol is running out.汽油快用光了。难点深究run out，run out of的区别：run out作不及物动词使用，表现become used up（被用完了）的被动寄义。

其主语通常是时间、款项、食物等无生命名词；run out of 是三词组成的短语动词，作及物动词用，须接宾语，表现use up（用完）的主动寄义，主语只能是人，可用被动形式。例如：Their gas is running out.他们的汽油快用完了。(Their gas has been run out.则是错的)Her money has ran out.她的钱很快就用完了。

They has run out of gas./Their gas has been run out of.他们的汽油用完了。He is always running out of money before payday.他总是发人为日子还没到就把钱用完了。3That probably doesn’t seem much to you or me，but it’s a rapid increase when compared to other natural changes.P34难句解读那可能对于你或我来说似乎没什么，可是当比起其他自然变化来，它却是一个蓦地的增长。

increase在此为名词，是“增加，增长”之意；此外，当increase作不及物动词时，是“增长，增加，提高”之意；当increase是及物动词时，作“使增长，提高，增加”讲。例如Crime is on the increase.犯罪率正在增加。

The population of this country has increased by 5 percent.这个国家的人口增长了5%。Our coal output has increased to 6 million tons this year.我们今年煤炭产量增长到了600万吨。

He increased the size of his company year by year.他逐年扩大了他的公司规模。compared to在此为已往分词短语作状语，是“比起……来；与……比力起来”之意，与compared with意义相同。例如At present，compared to/with developing countries，developed countries have made more greenhouse gases. 现在，比起生长中国家来，蓬勃国家排放的温室气体更多。

Generally speaking, compared to/with boys girls learn English well.一般来说，比起男孩子来，女孩子们英语学得更好。难点深究注意compare… to…与compare…with…区别：compare…to…把……比作……；compare…with…把……和……举行比力。

例如：People often compare children to flowers.人们常把孩子比作花朵。Please don’t compare China with Taiwan，because it is only one province of China.请别把中国和台湾举行比力，因为它仅仅是中国的一个省份。

increase by与increase to的用法区别：increase by +倍数或百分数，表现“增加了……倍或百分之几”；increase to +详细增长的数字，表现“增加到了……”。例如：The rate of inflation increased by 1.5%.通货膨胀率增长了1.5%。The population has increased from 1 million to 1.5 million.人口已从100万增加到了150万。4So how has this come about and does it matter？P34难句解读那么这是怎么发生的，且有何等重要吗？短语come about是“发生；造成”之意。

例如Can you tell me how the accident came about?你能告诉我事故是怎么发生的吗？How did it come about that she knew where we were?她是怎么知道我们在什么地方的呢？有关“发生”的词或短语有：break out（战争、火灾等）发作，（瘟疫）突然发生；happen发生，碰巧（指偶然性）；chance同happen，正式用语；take place发生，常指经由摆设、按计划举行的。例如They had escaped to England shortly before the war broke out in 1938.1938年战争发作前不久他们逃到了英国。

They chanced be staying at the same hotel.他们碰巧住在同一家旅馆。Great changes have taken place in China in recent 30 years.近30年来中国发生了庞大的变化。难点深究关于come的短语有：come across偶遇，穿过；come back回来；come down降下，减低；come in进来，到达；come out出来，出书；come up上来，被提出讨论，发芽；come up with追上，遇上；come to效果到达，苏醒。5There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.P34难句解读毫无疑问，地球正在变暖.全球变暖是人为的，而不是随意的自然现象。

本句中前两个that划分引导两个并列的同位语从句，在从句中不光当身分，不行省掉。第三个that是强调句型it is…that…，被强调部门human activity是句子的主语。

ｄoubt“疑问；疑惑”，为名词，后接由that或whether/if 引导的同位语从句，that从句一般用于否认句或疑问句中；而whether/if从句一般用于肯定句中。doubt作动词用时亦如此。

例如Is there any doubt that the factory has poured quantities of polluted water？谁人工厂排放了大量的污水岂非另有疑问？（句中that引导同位语从句）There is some doubt whether/if the USA will really contribute to keeping the global from warming.美国是否会为抑制全球变暖做出孝敬还纷歧定。rather than/rather…than而不是；与其……倒不如；是……而不是。

例如He would fail the exam rather than cheat in it.他宁肯考试不及格也不愿作弊。She is a doctor rather than a nurse.她是一个医生而不是护士。random为形容词，意为“任意的，随意的，胡乱的”。（只作定语）例如She made a random choice among the books.她胡乱地挑选了几本书。

This is just a random sample from their products.这仅仅是对他们产物的一个随机抽样。phenomenon为名词，意为“现象”，其复数形式为 phenomena。例如The rainbow after raining is a natural phenomenon.雨后的彩虹是一种自然现象。

Terrorism is a phenomenon of the 20th century.恐怖主义是20世纪的现象。6All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal，natural gas and oil to produce energy.P34难句解读所有的科学家都赞同这个看法，地球温度升高是由于燃烧像煤、天然气和石油等化石原料所发生的热能的缘故。短语subscribe to是“同意；赞成；订购”之意。subscribe作不及物动词时，是“同意，捐赠，订阅”之意；作及物动词时，是“（签署）文件；捐助”的意思。

例如My boss has subscribed to my opinion.老板赞同我的看法。The retired teacher subscribes to some magazines every year.那位退休的教师每年都订购一些杂志。

More and more people are refusing to subscribe to his point of view.越来越多的人不赞成他的看法。Please subscribe your name to the application.请在申请表上签名。Zhao Benshan subscribed two million yuan to Yushu earthquake region.赵本山为玉树地震灾区捐钱两百万元。短语due to是“应归于，欠款，由于”之意，不用于句首。

例如The wage due to him will be paid tomorrow.欠他的人为，明天付给他。Most of the problems were due to human error.多数问题都是由于人为的错误造成的。

Her success is due to her parents’ help.她的乐成应归功于她怙恃的资助。7The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.P34难句解读当我们向大气层中排放了大量分外的二氧化碳时，贫苦就开始了。短语quantities of是“许多的，大量的”之意。

quantity为名词，是“量，数量”的意思。例如Great quantities of water have been carried to Yunnan Province.大量的水已经运往云南了。

He prefers quantity to qualty when food is concerned.关于食物他讲求量不讲求质。难点深究quantities of，a quantity of 的区别：quantities of后可接复数名词，也可接不行数名词，谓语动词都用复数形式；a quantity of“大量的”，后接单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式，其后接复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：There is a large quantity of milk.这里有大量的牛奶。There are large quantities of books in the library.　图书馆里有许多书。

Great quantities of farmerworkers have crowded into cities to seek jobs. 大量的农民工涌向都会找事情。8It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.P34难句解读它意味着更多的热将被困在大气层中，从而引起全球的气温上升。

mean在此为动词，是“意味着，意指”的意思，其后常接名词、代词、从句或动名词作宾语；看成“计划，意欲”讲时，后接动词不定式；作“意思是”讲时，后不用动名词作宾语。例如Missing the train means waiting for two hours.赶不上这趟火车意味着再等两个小时。

I didn’t mean to discuss this problem again.我不计划再次谈论这个问题。The red light means “stop”.红灯的意思是停。tend作不及物动词时，作“趋向；易于；照顾”讲，作及物动词时，是“照顾；照顾护士”的意思。

tend的常用搭配有：tend to do sth.有……的倾向，有……的习惯，往往；tend to sb./sth. 照顾，照看某人/物。tendency是其名词形式，作“趋势，趋向，偏好”讲。例如Women tend to live longer than men.女人往往比男子长寿。

I tend to go to bed earlier during the winter. 我在冬天常睡的较早。Doctors and nurse tended to the injured.医生和护士照顾护士伤员。

shepherds tending the sheep 照管羊的牧人There is a growing tendency for people to work at home instead of in offices.人们在家里而不是在办公室里事情的趋势日益增长。trap为动词是“诱捕；使……陷入逆境；留住”之意。be trapped in被困于；trap sb. (into sth./into doing sth.) 使中计，使上当。例如He felt he had been trapped into accepting the terms of contract.他以为自己是中了圈套才接受这条约条款的。

They were trapped in the burning building.他们被困在燃烧着的楼房里。The keeper trapped the monkey in a cage eventually.饲养员终于把那只猴子关进笼子里了。短语go up是“上升；增长（尤其指价钱，温度）”之意。例如The price of oil is going up.石油价钱在上涨。

难点深究mean还可作形容词，是“吝啬的，自私的”之意；means为名词（单复数同形），是“方法，手段，工具”之意；meaning为名词，作“意思，寄义”讲。例如：Shylock is very mean with his money.夏洛克在款项方面很吝啬。

All possible means have been tried.一切措施都试过了。You can’t say that these sounds have no meaning.不能说这些声音全无意义。有关“上升、上涨”的词或短语及其区别：rise（rose，risen）为不及物动词，指“水平，数量增加，（自然上升）”；raise为及物动词，是“提升，提起，举起（主语的行动要作用于其他事物），饲养，养育”之意。试比力：Housing prices have risen surprisingly recently.最近房价上涨得很惊人。

The river has risen （by） several meters.河水上涨了好几米。The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。She raised the gun and fired.她举起枪射击。

We raised our glasses to him.我们碰杯向他祝贺。9They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.P34难句解读他们还赞同下述看法：正是由于越来越多的燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。本句句式结构分析：第一个that引导宾语从句，在此可省略。

第二个that是强调句型，不行省。短语result in是“导致，造成（效果）”之意。result的其他短语或搭配另有：result from 因……而导致（原因）；as a result效果是；as a result of 作为……的效果，因为。

例如The earthquake in Yushu has resulted in over two thousand deaths.玉树地震已造成两千多人死亡。Job losses resulted from the global crisis.失业是全球金融危机造成的。She has worked very hard, as a result, she has been admitted into a key university.她学习一直很努力，效果，被一所重点大学录取了。

We finished the work on time as a result of your help.由于你的资助我们准时完成了事情。10On the other hand，there are those，like George Hambley，who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.P34难句解读另一方面，也有像乔治·汉布利的人阻挡这种看法。他们认为我们不应该担忧空气中的二氧化碳的含量。

本句为who引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是those。oppose为及物动词，是“阻挡，抵制（后接V-ing），与（某人）较量”的意思；opposed为形容词，是“阻挡的，对立的”的意思，常用表达be opposed to是“阻挡……”的意思；opposing亦为形容词，是“对立的，反抗的，相反的”的意思。例如I would oppose changing the law.我将阻挡改变这个法例。

Most of us are opposed to this plan.我们多数人阻挡这个计划。11They predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences.P34难句解读他们预言任何变暖都将是缓慢的，不会带来恶化情况的效果。

mild为形容词，是“温和的，温柔的，淡的”之意。consequence为名词，是“效果，结果，影响”之意。例如He’s the mildest man you could wish to meet.他是最柔和的人了。Use a soap that is mild on the skin.使用对皮肤刺激性不强的香皂。

mild cheese淡味奶酪Don’t worry.It is of no consequence.别担忧，没什么重要的。You must take the consequences if you don’t do your duty.如果你不尽职你必须负担严重的结果。She has lost her memory in consequence of the accident.她因那次车祸而失去了影象。

难点深究consequent是consequence的形容词形式，作“随之发生的，作为效果的”讲；consequently为副词，是“所以，因而”的意思。例如：the lowering of taxes and the consequent increase in spending税收降低与随之引起的消费增长My bike broke down and consequently I was late.我的自行车坏了，所以我迟到了。有关consequence的短语或词组有：in consequence（＝as a result）效果是，因此；in consequence of （＝as a result of）由于……缘故，作为……的效果；accept/take the consequences 负担结果。

例如：He studied hard, and in consequence he passed the exam.他努力学习，因此通过了考试。The child was born deformed in consequence of an injury to its mother.由于母亲受过伤，这小孩生下来是畸形。12It will make plants grow quicker，crops will produce more；it will encourage a greater range of animals—all of which will make life for human beings better.P36难句解读它使植物生长得更快；庄稼产量更高；将会有助于扩大动物的运动规模，所有这一切都市使人类生活更好。range为名词，是“种类，规模”的意思。

例如Most of the students are in the 16—19 age range.大多数学生的年事介于16岁至19岁之间。This was beyond/ out of the range of his experience.这超出了他的阅历。难点深究range为及物动词，作“（在一定规模内）变化，变更；（按一定位置）排列”讲。

例如：troops ranged facing each other 面临面排列的队伍They have TV set whose prices range from 2000 yuan to 20000 yuan.他们有价钱从2000元到20000元的电视机。13Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases，the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.P38难句解读纵然我们开始淘汰二氧化碳和其他温室气体的数量，气候还会在未来十几年或几个世纪连续变暖。even if/though“纵然；只管”，引导让步状语从句。

短语keep on是“继续”的意思。例如I’ll get there，even if/though I have to walk.我就是走也要走到那里去。

Even if/though he often feels tired，he lives a full life.只管他时常感应累，但他过得很充实。Prices of oil keep on increasing.石油的价钱一直在上涨。难点深究关于keep的常用搭配意义及用法：keep on doing sth.继续干某事；keep doing sth.一直干某事；keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人干某事；keep sb. doing sth.让某人一连干某事。

例如He kept standing there for half an hour without moving.他一动不动在那儿站了半个小时。He kept the truth from us.他对我们隐瞒了真相。She kept herself from laughing.她忍住没笑作声来。The teacher kept the student standing for half an hour.老师让谁人学生一连站了半个小时。

14On the whole the warming of the earth is a phenomenon that causes great concern.P38难句解读总体来说全球变暖现象引起了极大的关注。短语on the whole是“大要上，基本上”之意。

与其表达近似意义的词另有all in all(总的说来)， altogether(总共，完全)，in general(通常，一般而言，大要上)，by and large(总的来说，一般来说)。例如The two buildings are similar on the whole. 从整体来看，这两幢楼是相似的。On the whole I agree to your proposal. 我基本上同意你的建议。

Your thesis is well done on the whole. 你的论文基本上写得不错。15I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.P38难句解读我正在代表学校做一项有关全球变暖的项目。短语on behalf of是“代表……一方；作为……的代言人”之意，也可说成on one’s behalf。

例如I greet you on behalf of my parents.我将代表我的怙恃亲向你表现问候。On behalf of my colleagues and myself I thank you. 我代表我的同事以及我自己向你表现谢意。Mr. White can not be here, so his wife will accept the prize on his behalf.怀特先生不能来，所以他的妻子将代表他来领奖。16However, I still think people should advocate improvement in the way we use energy today.P38难句解读然而，我依然认为人们应该提倡改善我们现在使用能源的方式。

advocate为及物动词，是“主张，提倡，拥护”之意，其后常接V-ing形式；advocate也可作名词，是“辩护人，拥护者，提倡者”的意思。例如They don’t advocate building a big chemical factory by the lake.他们不主张在湖边建大型化工厂。The Chinese people advocate the leadership of the Chinese Communist.中国人民都拥护中国共产党的向导。

an advocate for hospital workers医院事情人员的支持者We are all the advocates of the Party.我们都是中国共产党的拥护者。17We don’t have to put up with pollution.P38难句解读我们不必忍受污染。短语put up with是“容忍，忍受”的意思，其意义相当于live with sth./sb.。

例如I don’t know how she puts up with him.我不知道她怎么受得了他。She found it difficult to put up with the pain.她发现很难忍受那种疼痛。

I just had to learn to live with the pain. 我不得不学会忍受痛苦。难点深究关于put的短语另有：put away处置惩罚掉(吃，把……收好，拿开，排挤)；put down放下，镇压，记下；put on穿上，戴上；put up举起，放，提供食宿；put back放回原处，恢复正常，延期；put off不安，延期，挣脱，欺诈；put out扑灭，用，揭晓；put forward提出。

18Recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to.P38难句解读如果条件允许，请接纳罐头盒，瓶子，塑料袋和报纸。circumstance为名词，是“情况，情况，条件，状况，境况，境遇”之意（常用复数circumstances）。例如The company reserves the right to cancel this agreement in certain circumstances.本公司保留在一定条件下取消这项协议的权利。

I know I can trust him, in any circumstances.我知道在任何情况下我都能信任他。难点深究circumstances的常用搭配：in/under no circumstances决不，无论如何不（用在句首时，句子要用部门倒装），类似用法的常用短语另有：at no time, in no way, by no means, on no account (决不)。

in/under the circumstances作“在这种情况下，既然如此”讲。例如：In/Under no circumstances should you sell cigarette to youths.你绝不能卖烟给未成年人。Don’t open the door, in any circumstances. 在任何情况下都不要开门。She did the job very well in the circumstances. 她在那种情况下仍把事情做得很精彩。

Under the circumstances he felt unable to accept the job. 在这种情况下，他以为无法接受这项事情。19Remember—your contribution counts！P38难句解读记着——你的孝敬很重要！contribution为名词，是“孝敬”的意思，另有“捐钱；捐资”之意。count在此作动词，相当于matter，是“认为（重要），数，算（入）”之意。

例如All contributions will be gratefully received.我们对所有捐资表现谢谢。She made a very positive contribution to the overall success of the project.她对项目的全面乐成作出了努力的孝敬。

It is not what you read but how you read it that counts.不是你读的什么，而是你怎么读的是重要的。She began to count up how many guests they had to invite.她开始盘算他们得邀请几多位客人。I count her among my closest friends.我把她看作我最亲密的朋侪。

难点深究contribution的动词形式是contribute，意为“募捐，捐赠，捐助；是……的原因；增加，增进”。例如：The singer personally contributed ＄6000 to earthquake fund.那位歌手亲自捐赠了6000美元给地震基金。

Medical negligence was said to have contributed to his death.听说医务人员的玩忽职守是他死亡的原因之一。Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.老实加苦干有助于乐成和幸福。

count亦可作名词，意为“计数，争论点”。count的常用短语有：count down倒计时；beyond count不可胜数；take count of 计……的数；count on sb./sth.依靠，指望某人/物；at the last count凭据有关……数字的最新消息；lose count（of sth.）数不清。例如：She’s already counting down to the big day.她已经在对这一重大日子倒计时了。

China has been counting down to the Shanghai EXPO.中国已在对上海世博会举行倒计时了。Don’t count on him. 别指望他了吧。

He’d applied for 20 jobs at the last count.凭据有关的最新消息他申请过20个职位。I lost count and had to start again.我数着数着忘了，不得不再重新开始数。参考书目（独家授权）张鑫友. 高中《英语》课本讲与练: 人教课标版. 一年级[M]. 湖北科学技术出书社本文编辑：Joyce编辑助理：Jane-END-教学中 总有些工具值得分享。

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